The effects of borneol on the pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg / 中国天然药物

Fufang Danshen preparation (FDP) is consisted of Salviae Miltiorrhizar Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen), Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Sanqi) and Borneolum Syntheticum (borneol). FDP is usually used to treat myocardial ischemia hypoxia, cerebral ischemia and alzheimer's disease, etc. In the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, borneol is usually used to promote the absorption and distribution of the bioactive components to proper organs, especially to the brain. The purpose of this study is investigating the effects of borneol on the pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of tanshinone IIA (TS IIA), salvianolic acid B (SAB) and ginsenoside Rg1 in FDP. Male healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given Danshen extracts, Sanqi extracts (Panax notoginsengsaponins) or simultaneously administered Danshenextracts, Sanqi extracts and borneol. Plasma and brain samples were collected at different points in time. The concentration of TS IIA, SAB and Rg1 was determined by UPLC-MS/MS method. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of plasma and brain tissue were calculated by using Phoenix WinNolin 6.1 software. In comparison with Danshen and Sanqi alone, there were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of TS IIA, SAB and Rg1, and the brain distribution of SAB and TS IIA when Danshen, Sanqi and borneol were administrated together. Borneol statistically significant shortened t

Psoralen inhibits RAW264.7 differentiation into osteoclasts and bone resorption by regulating CD4+T cell differentiation / 中国中药杂志

This paper aimed to investigate whether psoralen inhibits the differentiation and bone resorption by regulating CD4+T cell differentiation in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells, and elucidate its mechanism for osteoporosis. CD4+T cells were isolated from spleen cells of Balb/c mice by immunomagnetic separation method. The cells were divided into blank control group and psoralen group. The cells were cultured in 24-well plates and cultured for 3 days, and then they were collected for co-culture experiments after 4 days. Co-culture experiments were divided into RAW264.7 cell group, psoralen+RAW264.7 cell group, without psoralen treatment of CD4+T cells+RAW264.7 cell group, psoralen treatment of CD4+T cells+RAW264.7 cell group. After 5 days of co-culture, TRAP staining was used to detect the number of osteoclasts, and after 8 days of co-culture, bone resorption was evaluated by toluidine blue staining. The expressions of RORγt, Foxp3, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-10 in CD4+T cells and osteoclast differentiation-related genes MMP-9, TRAP and Cat-K were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); ELISA kit was used to detect IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-10 and other cytokines levels. Our data confirmed that the psoralen significantly promoted the expression of Foxp3, TGF-β and IL-10 in CD4+T, and inhibited the expression of RORγt, IL-17 and TNF-α in CD4+T, the CD4+T cells without treatment by psoralen can significantly promote RANKL-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 to osteoclasts, and psoralen treatment of CD4+T can significantly inhibit RANKL-induced RAW264.7 osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Taken together, psoralen inhibits the differentiation and bone resorption of RAW264.7 into osteoclasts by promoting the development of CD4+ CD25+ Treg/Th17 balance in CD4+T cells to CD4+CD25+T.

UPLC-MS/MS determination of tanshinone ⅡA, salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg₁ in Fufang Danshen preparation in rat plasma and brain tissues / 中国中药杂志

A sensitive and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for analysis of tanshinone ⅡA(TSⅡA), salvianolic acid B(SAB) and ginsenoside Rg₁ (GRg₁) in rat plasma and brain tissues. Male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were orally given single dose of Fufang Danshen preparation (TS ⅡA 60 mg•kg⁻¹, SAB 300 mg•kg⁻¹, GRg₁ 150 mg•kg⁻¹, borneol 300 mg•kg⁻¹), and their blood samples and brain tissues were collected at different time points. The drug plasma and brain tissue concentrations of the three analytes were determined by UPLC-MS/MS method. Subsequently, the main pharmacokinetics parameters of plasma and brain tissues were calculated by using Phoenix WinNolin 6.1 software. The methodological test showed that all of analytes in both plasma and brain homogenate exhibited a good linearity within the concentration range(r>0.992 2). Their mean recoveries were between 58.86% and 112.1%. Intra-day and inter-day precisions of the investigated components exhibited RSD≤9.7%, and the accuracy(RE) ranged from -9.68% to 8.20% at all quality control levels. The results of accuracy and stability meet the requirements for biopharmaceutical analysis. For TSⅡA, the pharmacokinetics parameters Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-t, MRTlast in the plasma were (1.58±0.081) h, (725.4±88.20) μg•L⁻¹, (2 101.3±124.85) μg•h•L⁻¹ and (3.66±0.05) h, respectively. For SAB, the pharmacokinetics parameters Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-t, MRTlast in the plasma were (1.29±0.21) h, (307.9±46.75) μg•L⁻¹, (537.4±88.24) μg•h•L⁻¹ and (2.08±0.11) h, respectively. For GRg₁, the pharmacokinetics parameters Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-t, MRTlast in the plasma were (1.42±0.20) h, (460.38±154.60) μg•L⁻¹, (383.4±88.16) μg•h•L⁻¹ and (1.87±0.046) h, respectively. For TSⅡA, the pharmacokinetics parameters Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-t, MRTlast in the brain tissue were (0.75±0.22) h, (1.41±0.42) ng•g⁻¹, (4.34±2.48) ng•h•g⁻¹ and (4.00±1.90) h, respectively. For SAB, the pharmacokinetics parameters Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-t, MRTlast in the plasma were (1.08±0.20) h, (21.09±4.850) ng•g⁻¹, (14.83±3.160) ng•h•g⁻¹ and (0.99±0.08) h, respectively. For GRg₁, the pharmacokinetics parameters Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-t, MRTlast in the plasma were (0.50±0.16) h, (130.96±54.220) ng•g⁻¹, (136.24±34.350) ng•h•g⁻¹ and (2.87±0.33) h, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic studies on content of TS ⅡA, SAB and GRg₁ in rat plasma and brain tissues.

Tri-dimensional omics analysis on effect of zhuanggu zhitong capsule against experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis / 中国中药杂志

To propose the new concept of multidimensional omics, and define that the multidimensional omics is a proper method for studying the material base and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds. Zhuanggu Zhitong capsule was taken for example to study its effect against experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis. From the perspective of chemi-omics, genomics and proteomics of TCM, it systematically interpreted the efficacious materials and mechanisms of Zhuanggu Zhitong capsule in preventing and treating experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis, while taking the lead in designing a three dimensional form to intuitively exhibit the results of the multidimensional omics study. This study provides a new idea and solution for studies on the efficacious materials and mechanisms of TCM compounds.

Study on effect of psoralidin on anti-experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis and its mechanism / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of psoralidine in rats with ovariectomy, and preliminarily study its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: the sham operation group, the model group, the psoralidine low-dose group (4 mg x kg(-1)), the psoralidine high-dose group (16 mg x kg(-1)) and the Zhuangguzhitong capsule group, with 12 rats in each group. Thirteen weeks later, their blood and bone samples were collected to detect bone density, bone biochemistry, pathomorphology, serum E2 and CT.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Psoralidine could up-regulate the bone density of lumbar vertebra and thighbone of rats with ovariectomy (P < 0.05), the maximum bending strength of thighbone (P < 0.05), and serum E2 and CT (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Psoralidine has a good active effect on postmenopausal antiosteoporosis. Its mechanism may be related to such pathways as E2 and CT.</p>

Serologic and molecular biological detection of rare B(A) blood group / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate one case with rare type B(A) in ABO blood group by using serological and molecular biological methods, and analyze the cause of inconsistency resulting from multiple detections. The serological method was used to identify the serum type of ABO blood group, at the same time the PCR sequencing method was used to detect the genotypes. The results indicated that the group typing and reverse typing for the blood donor were inconsistent, the group typing was AB, the reverse typing was B. The ABO genotype was B(A) 04 /001. This genotype was involved in nt640A > G point mutation which caused valine replacing methionine at 214. It is concluded that the sample inconsistent between the group typing and reverse typing could be typed by molecular biological method, and the molecular basis of weak expression of ABO blood group is elucidated too.

Effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. chinensis Rousi polysaccharide on alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity and level of blood glucose / 药学学报

The enzyme-inhibitor model and the sugar tolerance mouse model were used to evaluate the relationship between the inhibition rate of enzyme activity and concentration of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. chinensis Rousi polysaccharide (HRP). The inhibitory patterns of enzyme and dose-dependent effects of HRP's effect on blood glucose using acarbose tablets as control were also examined. The mechanism underlying hypoglycemic effects of HRP was discussed. The results showed: in the enzyme-inhibitor model, the inhibitory activity of different concentrations of HRP (9.80, 19.60, 39.20, 78.40, 156.80 and 312.50 mg x L(-1)) on alpha-glucosaminidase (AG) inhibitory activity were 6.62%, 18.02%, 33.26%, 48.23%, 62.11%, 76.31%, 90.12%, IC50 was 31.59 mg x L(-1). The inhibitory rate of 25.00 x 10(3) mg x L(-1) acarbose tablets was only 64.87%, and IC50 was 10.75 x 10(3) mg x L(-1). In the sugar tolerance mouse model, different doses of HRP (240, 480, 960 mg x kg(-1)) tended to decrease levels of blood glucose compared with control group (acarbose tablets 375 mg x kg(-1)) at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. It's further confirmed that HRP is a kind of competitive inhibitor of AG activity. Its inhibition rate increases with the increase of concentration in normal mice, and it subsequently improves the sugar tolerance showing the effect of reducing blood sugar.

Impact of potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias on long-term outcome in patients with chronic heart failure / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias (PLVAs) occur frequently in survivors after acute myocardial infarction and are increasingly recognized in other forms of structural heart diseases. This study investigated the prevalence and prognostic significance of PLVAs in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data concerning demographics, etiology of heart failure, NYHA functional class, biochemical variables, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, and medical treatments were collected by reviewing hospital medical records from 1080 patients with NYHA II-IV and a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction ≤ 45%. PLVAs were defined as multi-focal ventricular ectopy (> 30 beats/h on Holter monitoring), bursts of ventricular premature beats, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. All-cause mortality, sudden death, and rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure, or cardiac transplantation during 5-year follow-up after discharge were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The occurrence rate of PLVAs in CHF was 30.2%, and increased with age; 23.4% in patients < 45 years old, 27.8% in those between 45 - 65 years old, and 33.5% in patients > 65 years old (P = 0.033). Patients with PLVAs had larger LV size and lower ejection fraction (both P < 0.01) and higher all-cause mortality (P = 0.014) during 5-year follow-up than those without PLVAs. Age (OR 1.041, 95%CI 1.004 - 1.079, P = 0.03) and LV end-diastolic dimension (OR 1.068, 95%CI 1.013 - 1.126, P = 0.015) independently predicted the occurrence of PLVAs. And PLVA was an independent factor for all-cause mortality (RR 1.702, 95%CI 1.017 - 2.848, P = 0.031) and sudden death (RR 1.937, 95%CI 1.068 - 3.516, P = 0.030) in patients with CHF.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PLVAs are common and exert a negative impact on long-term clinical outcome in patients with CHF.</p>

Application of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis in Brucellosis surveillance / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To establish the standard operating procedures on multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis and to evaluate the values in identification of Brucella(B.) melitensis and epidemiological trace-back.Methods Sixteen B.melitensis,22 B.abortus,21 B.suis and 10 B.cnais were investigated by Brucella MLVA-16 genotyping scheme.All data were analyzed using BioNumerics version 5.1 software (AppliedMaths,Belgium).Clustering analysis was based on the categorical coefficient and unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages(UPGMA) method.Polymorphism at each locus was quantified using Nei's diversity index.Resultant genotypes were compared using the web-based Brucella 2010 MLVA database.Results MLVA methods were successfully established and some strains can be clustered.Bruce06,bruce08,bruce11,bruce12,bruce42,bruce43,bruce45 and bruce55 were useful for species identification of Brucella isolates.Bruce04,bruce07,bruce09,bruce16 and bruce 30 afforded a higher discriminatory power for investigation of strain relatedness in regions of endemicity.Conclusions TheMLVAmethod has proved to be highly discriminatory and epidemiological concordance and is easy for Brucellosis surveillance in province-level lab.

The cytotoxic effect and injury mechanism of deoxynivalenol on articular chondrocytes in human embryo / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was to explore the cytotoxic effect and the related injury mechanism of deoxynivalenol (DON) on articular chondrocytes in human embryo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Articular cartilage cells were isolated from knees of human embryo and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium. The cells of the 4th generation were divided into five groups and incubated with varying concentrations of DON as the followings: control group and group with DON of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1.0 µg/ml. The effects of DON were observed 72 hours after incubation. Cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry (FCM) with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining; MMP-13 and PGE2 were detected by ELISA kits; NO was measured by Griess assay with spectrophotometer. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and collagen II in cells were detected by FCM. The expression levels of iNOS, mRNA and collagen II mRNA were measured with RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rates of cell apoptosis in DON groups were 6.78% - 19.05%, which were significantly higher than that in control (1.20%, F = 174.761, P < 0.05). The levels of NO in DON groups were 20.8 - 40.7 µmol/L, which were significantly higher than that in control (10.2 µmol/L, F = 91.966, P < 0.05). The levels of MMP-13 in DON groups were 0.25 - 0.56 µmol/L, which were significantly higher than that in control (0 µmol/L, F = 78.420, P < 0.05). The levels of PGE2 in DON groups were 3.2-20.6 µmol/L, which were significantly higher than that in control (11.6 µmol/L, F = 276.453, P < 0.05). The proportions of cells with positive iNOS in DON groups were 14.8% - 56.8% which were significantly higher than that in controls (7.1%, F = 214.614, P < 0.05). The proportions of cells with positive collagen II in groups with DON of 0.4 µg/ml and 1.0 µg/ml were 56.7% and 52.7%, which were significantly lower than that in control (62.2%, F = 5.134, P < 0.05). The relative absorbance values of iNOS mRNA in DON groups were 1.07 - 1.33, which were significantly higher than that in control (0.62, F = 8.358, P < 0.05). The levels of collagen II mRNA in groups with DON of 0.4 µg/ml and 1.0 µg/ml were 0.83 and 0.82, which were significantly lower than that in control (1.14, F = 7.887, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DON could promote anabolism of NO in articular cartilage cells by which up-regulated the expression of PGE2 and MMP-13, which both promoted resolution of articular cartilage matrix such as collagen II. DON induced apoptosis in articular cartilage cells.</p>

Correlations between MELD score and left ventricular function in patients with end-stage liver disease / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the correlations between MELD score and left ventricular function in patients with end-stage liver disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 92 patients who prepared for orthotopic liver transplantation from January 2002 to May 2008 were enrolled in this study. Of these Patients, 75 were males and 17 were females, and the mean age was 50.3+/-9.5 years; 85 were cirrhosis, 7 were cirrhosis with primary liver cancer. Preoperative information, including biochemical parameters, coagulation parameters, indicators of hepatitis virology, two-dimensional echocardiography and electrocardiogram were collected. According to MELD (the Model for End-stage Liver Disease) scoring system, these subjects were categorized into three groups: MELD score is less than or equal to 9 points (31 cases, 33.7%); 10 is less than or equal to MELD score is less than or equal to 19 points (45 cases, 48.9%); MELD score is more than or equal to 20 points (16 cases, 17.4%). The relationships between MELD score and classification and cardiac function were determined by chi-square test, analysis of variance, rank sum test and correlation analysis, et al.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MELD score was significantly correlated with left atrial diameter (LAD), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), aortic flow (AF), cardiac output (CO), QRS interval (QRSI) and corrected QT interval (QTc) (r = 0.317, 0.341, 0.228, 0.387, 0.325, 0.209 and 0.347, respectively; P value less than 0.01, respectively); except QRSI, these variables and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) were also correlated with INR (a MELD component) (r = 0.282, 0.319, 0.322, 0.435, 0.275, 0.320 and 0.237, respectively; P value less than 0.01, respectively); LAD, LVEDD, AF, CO and QTc were correlated with serum total bilirubin (r = 0.241, 0.219, 0.357, 0.246 and 0.253, respectively; P value less than 0.05, respectively); IVST and E/A ratio (A blood flow [from left atrium to left ventricular] velocity ratio between early diastole [E wave] and late diastole[A wave] ) were correlated with serum creatinine (r = 0.216 and -0.343; P value less than 0.05 and 0.01); the proportion of E/A is less than or equal to 1 in all subjects was 46.7% (43/92), and 48.4% (15/31), 35.6% (16/45) and 75.0% (12/16) in each group, besides, there was statistically significant difference between 10 is less than or equal to MELD score is less than or equal to 19 points group and MELD score is more than or equal to 20 points group (X2 = 7.359, P = 0.009).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are different degrees of left ventricular structure, function and electrophysiological changes in patients with end-stage liver disease, these anomalies also will be increased with the MELD score increasing.</p>

Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcome in patients with chronic heart failure and diabetes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus portend high morbidity and mortality because of an interrelated pathophysiologic process. This large cohort study aimed to analyze the prevalence, clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of patients with CHF and diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1119 patients with NYHA functional class II - IV and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45% between January 1995 and May 2009 were recruited. Clinical variables, biochemical and echocardiographic measurements were retrospectively reviewed, and composite major cardiac events (MCE) including death, heart transplantation, and refractory heart failure requiring multiple hospitalizations were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of CHF with diabetes was progressively increased with time (16.9% in 1995 - 1999; 20.4% in 2000 - 2004, and 29.1% in 2005 - 2009) and age (18.5% in < 60 years, 26.6% in 60 - 80 years, and 26.6% in > 80 years). Compared with CHF patients without diabetes, those with diabetes had worse cardiac function, more abnormal biochemical changes, and higher mortality. Treatment with glucose-lowering agents significantly improved LVEF and decreased MCE. An elevated serum HbA1c level was associated with large left ventricular end-systolic diameter (P < 0.05), decreased LVEF (P < 0.01) and reduced survival (P < 0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjustment for confounding factors, NYHA functional class (OR 2.65, 95%CI 1.14 - 6.16, P = 0.024) and HbA1c level >or= 7% (OR 2.78, 95%CI 1.00 - 7.68, P = 0.049) were independent risk factors for adverse outcomes in CHF patients with diabetes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Prevalence of CHF with diabetes was increasing during past decades, and patients with CHF and diabetes had worse clinical profiles and prognosis. Aggressive anti-CHF and diabetes therapies are needed to improve overall outcomes for these patients.</p>

Experimental research of songzhi pills on inducement of interferon in mice and rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a new drug of treating the hepatitis C virus by studing the mechanisms of songzhi pills.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The four-wee old mice and two-month old rats were chosen to induce interferon.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of interferon among the groups treated with songzhi pills were significantly higher than those of the normal group and the model group (P < 0.01),</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Songzhi pills may have the function of inducing interferon.</p>

Effect of ultraviolet ray irradiation on immunity function of patients with cervical spondylopathy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of ultraviolet ray on immunity function of patients with cervical spondylopathy. Methods30 cases with cervical spondylopathy were received ultraviolet ray irradiating by the second lumbar vertebra as irradiating center and IgG, IgA, IgM, C3,C4 in blood of cases were tested before and after irradiating. ResultsImmunoglobulins of all cases general decreased after 10 times irradiating, especially IgG (P<0.05), but complements increased. Conclusions The ultraviolet ray irradiation can adjust immunity function of patients with cervical spondylopathy.